SAP period-end closing: FI and CO, step by step

What is period-end closing in SAP?

Period-end closing is the set of activities that finish one accounting period: posting everything that belongs to it, valuing it at the right rates, moving costs to the objects that explain them, and locking the period so the numbers stop changing. It runs every month, with extra steps at quarter end and a longer list at year end.

In SAP S/4HANA, Financial Accounting (FI) and Controlling (CO) post to one Universal Journal, the table ACDOCA. They close together instead of being reconciled afterwards. The order of the work still matters: an allocation run before the last invoice is posted, or a costing run before the last order is settled, gives a wrong result that has to be reversed and run again.

This page follows one monthly close from the logistics cut-off to the period lock, with most of the space on FI and CO: the two areas that decide when the books are really closed.

Close calendar

The close calendar: an example five-day close

A typical plan for a manufacturing company with actual costing. Day −2 and Day −1 are the last working days of the month; WD1 to WD5 are the first working days of the next. Your own calendar depends on volumes, countries and how much runs during the month.

Logistics cut-offGoods movements · billing · MMPV

Payables and receivablesInvoices · payments · PO accruals · GR/IR

Fixed assetsAIBU · AFAB

General ledgerRecurring · accruals · FX valuation

Overhead (CO-OM)Key figures · cycles · KSII

Product costing (CO-PC)WIP · CO88

Material ledgerCKMLCP

Projects and CO-PACJ8G · KE28

Reporting and lockLock · statements · tax · group

Logistics
Financial Accounting
Controlling
Reporting
Month end

Close checklist, day by day

Pick a day and tick the tasks as they finish. The ticks stay on this page only: nothing is saved.

Day −2

Two working days before month end

Logistics finishes the month: goods movements, production confirmations and supplier invoices are posted before the cut-off.

Hands over: complete quantities for the period.

Publish the close calendar, owners and cut-off timesClose
Post open goods receipts and goods issuesMMMIGO
Confirm production and process ordersPPCO11N
Post supplier invoices and release blocked onesAPMIROMRBR

Next: Day −1

Day −1

Last working day of the month

Billing, payments and bank statements bring receivables, payables and cash up to date.

Hands over: complete subledgers and bank balances.

Bill all deliveries and release billing to accountingSDVF04VFX3
Last payment run of the monthAPF110
Import bank statements and clear paymentsGLFF_5FEBAN
Post recurring entriesGLF.14
Post physical inventory differencesMMMI07

Next: WD1

WD1

First working day

The new period opens for daily business while the old one stays open for closing postings. Assets are settled and depreciated.

Hands over: assets posted and the old period reserved for the close.

Open the new materials management periodMMMMPV
Open the new FI period; keep the old one open for closing postingsGLOB52
Open the new CO periodCOOKP1
Settle assets under constructionAAAIBU
Post depreciationAAAFAB
Propose purchase order accrualsAPACEPROPOSALRUN

Next: WD2

WD2

Accruals and valuation

What is missing is accrued, foreign currency is valued at the closing rate and balances are regrouped. Controlling collects its tracing factors.

Hands over: a complete, valued general ledger to Controlling.

Review, approve and post purchase order accrualsAPACEPOSTINGRUN
Post manual accruals and deferralsGLFBS1
Reconcile GR/IR and write off approved differencesAPMR11F.19
Foreign currency valuationGLFAGL_FCV
Regroup receivables and payablesGLFAGLF101
Reconcile intercompany balancesGLICMR
Enter statistical key figuresCO-OMKB31N

Next: WD3

WD3

Controlling day

Cost centers are emptied in the right order, activity prices become actual and production orders get overhead, WIP, variances and settlement.

Hands over: settled orders and final activity prices to the material ledger.

Settle overhead orders to cost centersCO-OMKO8G
Run distributions and assessmentsCO-OMKSV5KSU5
Indirect activity allocationCO-OMKSC5
Calculate actual activity prices and revalue ordersCO-OMKSII
Overhead on production ordersCO-PCCO43
Work in processCO-PCKKAO
Production variancesCO-PCKKS1
Settle production ordersCO-PCCO88

Next: WD4

WD4

Actual costing and profitability

The material ledger turns price differences into actual costs, projects settle and margin analysis receives its last amounts.

Hands over: final cost of goods sold and margins.

Distribute usage variancesMLCKMDUVMAT
Actual costing run and post closingMLCKMLCP
Results analysis and project settlementPSKKAJCJ8G
Top-down distribution in margin analysisCO-PAKE28
Lock the CO periodCOOKP1

Next: WD5

WD5

Report and lock

Statements, tax files and the hand-over to consolidation. The period closes for everyone except the closing team.

Hands over: signed-off numbers for the month.

Trial balance and financial statementsGLF.01
Tax returns and statutory filesTax
Hand over to consolidationGroup
Close the FI period for operational postingsGLOB52
Sign off and note what to improve next monthClose

Financial Accounting

The FI close: make the balance sheet right

Financial Accounting closes first because everything after it reads its postings. The goal is a complete and correctly valued period: every invoice and receipt in, what is missing accrued, foreign currency at the closing rate, and each balance on the right side of the balance sheet.

General ledger

Accruals, valuations and reclassifications that make the balance sheet and the income statement right for the period. Most of it runs on WD1 and WD2.

Posting periods

OB52

Open the new period for daily business and keep the old one open only for closing postings. Account types (+, A, D, K, M, S) can be opened separately, and interval 3 controls postings that Controlling sends to Financial Accounting.

SAP S/4HANA: The Manage Posting Periods app (from 1809) maintains the same table. CO postings also check the FI periods.

Recurring entries

F.14

Posts the recurring documents set up with FBD1, such as rents, leases or fixed fees.

Accruals and deferrals

FBS1F.81

Accrue the expenses and revenues that belong to the period. FBS1 documents carry a reversal date, and F.81 reverses them in the next period.

SAP S/4HANA: Accruals Management can take over recurring accruals and purchase order accruals, with review and approval before posting.

Foreign currency valuation

FAGL_FCV

Values open items and balances in foreign currency at the closing rate, in each currency of each ledger, and posts the exchange rate differences.

SAP S/4HANA: In SAP S/4HANA Cloud, Advanced Valuation can replace it with job templates in Schedule General Ledger Jobs; FAGL_FCV is then no longer used.

Regrouping

FAGLF101

Moves customers with credit balances and suppliers with debit balances to the other side of the balance sheet, and can sort receivables and payables by remaining term.

SAP S/4HANA: Balance sheet reclassification is one of the four Advanced Valuation processes.

Automatic clearing

F.13

Clears open items that balance to zero on open-item-managed accounts, such as bank clearing and GR/IR accounts.

Trial balance and statements

F.01FBL3H

Check balances by financial statement version, then drill into line items before sign-off.

SAP S/4HANA: Fiori apps such as Trial Balance and Display Financial Statement read ACDOCA directly, with no totals tables.

Payables

Every goods receipt and supplier invoice of the period is in, and whatever has been received but not invoiced is accrued.

Invoices and blocked invoices

MIROMRBR

Post the invoices received for the period and release those blocked for price or quantity once the difference is explained.

Payment run

F110

Pays due items and clears them. Schedule the last run of the month before the cut-off so bank and payables agree.

GR/IR reconciliation

MR11F.19

Analyze the goods receipt / invoice receipt clearing account. MR11 writes off old quantity or value differences after approval, and F.19 analyzes the balance and reclassifies it for the balance sheet.

SAP S/4HANA: The apps Reconcile GR/IR Accounts (F3302) and Monitor GR/IR Account Reconciliation (F3303) give worklists, statuses and root causes, with optional machine learning proposals.

Purchase order accruals

ACEPROPOSALRUNACEPOSTINGRUN

Accrues planned costs from the purchase order delivery schedule that are not yet covered by goods receipts or invoices. Proposals can be reviewed by the purchase order owner and approved by the G/L accountant before posting.

SAP S/4HANA: Job templates in the Schedule Accruals Jobs app; the review workflow is set in Manage Workflows for PO Accruals Review.

Supplier balance confirmation

F.18

Sends balance confirmations to suppliers, usually at year end or for the auditors.

Receivables

Revenue and receivables are complete, cash is applied, and receivables at risk are valued.

Billing to accounting

VF04VFX3

Bill every delivery of the period from the billing due list and release billing documents that did not reach accounting.

Incoming payments

FF_5FEBAN

Import the bank statements and post-process the items that did not clear automatically.

Dunning

F150

Runs dunning on overdue items, usually weekly, with a last run before the close.

Doubtful receivables

F107

Value adjustments and provisions for receivables at risk, from the valuation run.

SAP S/4HANA: With Advanced Valuation in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, credit-risk-based impairment replaces it.

Credit balances

FAGLF101

Customers with credit balances are shown as liabilities on the balance sheet.

Customer balance confirmation

F.17

Sends balance confirmations to customers, usually at year end.

Fixed assets

Asset Accounting posts in real time to every ledger in SAP S/4HANA. At period end, assets under construction are settled, depreciation is posted and the movements are checked.

Assets under construction

AIBU

Settles the capitalized costs of assets under construction to the final assets when they go into use.

Depreciation run

AFAB

Posts the planned depreciation of the period to the general ledger for every depreciation area.

SAP S/4HANA: Runs from the Schedule Asset Accounting Jobs app. Planned depreciation is recalculated with each asset transaction, so the run only posts; ASKB is no longer needed.

Check the period

AW01NS_ALR_87011990

Asset Explorer for single assets and the asset history sheet for the movements of the period.

Year end

AFARAJAB

Recalculate depreciation if rules changed, then close the old fiscal year once depreciation is fully posted.

SAP S/4HANA: The fiscal year change happens with the balance carryforward (FAGLGVTR); AJRW is not used.

Bank and cash

Cash is the first number auditors check. Every bank account agrees with its statement and every open item has an explanation.

Bank statements

FF_5FEBAN

Import electronic statements for all accounts up to the last day of the month and post-process what did not clear.

Cash journal

FBCJ

Close each cash journal for the period and agree it with the cash count.

Bank clearing accounts

F.13

Clear the bank clearing accounts automatically and investigate what is left.

Bank reconciliation

FBL3H

The G/L balance of each bank account equals the statement; outstanding items are listed and explained.

Tax

The tax close turns the posted period into returns and statutory files. Deadlines are set by each country, so tax tasks often drive the calendar.

Tax on sales and purchases

S_ALR_87012357

The classic advance return report for tax on sales and purchases (program RFUMSV00), by tax code and period.

Advanced Compliance Reporting

Generates statutory reports and electronic returns for many countries from the posted data, with a monitor for deadlines and submissions.

Brazil

Monthly tax ledgers (apuração) for ICMS, IPI, PIS and COFINS, then the SPED files: EFD ICMS/IPI and EFD-Contribuições every month, ECD and ECF once a year.

Intercompany

Both sides of every intercompany transaction must agree before group reporting can eliminate them.

Matching

Intercompany Matching and Reconciliation (ICMR) matches documents between company codes directly from ACDOCA, using matching methods made of rules.

SAP S/4HANA: Apps: Define Matching Methods, Schedule Matching Runs, Manage Assignments.

Solve differences

Assign reasons to unmatched items and post adjustments, with an approval workflow if needed.

SAP S/4HANA: Apps: Reconciliation Status Overview and Reconciliation Balances.

Line items by partner

FBL1HFBL5HFBL3H

Check intercompany supplier, customer and G/L items by trading partner.

Group reporting

After the entity close, the data goes to consolidation, for example in SAP S/4HANA Finance for group reporting.

Controlling

The CO close: move every cost to where it is explained

Controlling turns the period’s costs into answers: what each cost center spent and passed on, what each order and product really cost, and what each customer and product earned. Inside CO the order is strict, so the steps below are numbered.

Overhead (CO-OM)

Empty the service cost centers and overhead orders into the cost centers, orders and products that used them.

Statistical key figures
KB31N
Enter the tracing factors the cycles use, such as headcount, floor space or kWh.
Settle overhead orders
KO8G
Internal orders that collect overhead settle to their cost centers before the cycles run.
Distribution
KSV5
Moves primary costs to the receivers and keeps the original cost element.
Assessment
KSU5
Moves costs with an assessment cost element. Cycles run in the order of their dependencies.
SAP S/4HANA: Universal allocation adds the Manage Allocations and Run Allocations apps.
Indirect activity allocation
KSC5
Allocates activity quantities that are not confirmed directly, based on tracing factors.
Actual price calculation
KSII
Divides each cost center’s actual costs by its actual activity and, if the CO version revalues, charges the difference to the orders that consumed the activity.
SAP S/4HANA: Needs actual price indicator 5 on the activity type and revaluation set in the version. See the worked example below.
Check the cost centers
S_ALR_87013611KSBT
Actual, plan and variance by cost center, and the resulting activity prices. Anything left on a cost center should be explained.

Product costing (CO-PC)

Production orders and product cost collectors get overhead, then work in process and variances are calculated and settled. Start only when activity prices are final.

Overhead
CO43KGI2
Applies the overhead rates of the costing sheet to production orders, collectively or one by one.
Work in process
KKAOKKAX
Calculates WIP for orders not yet finally delivered. Product cost collectors value WIP at target cost.
Variances
KKS1KKS2
Explains the order balance by variance category: input price, input quantity, resource usage, lot size, output price and others.
Settlement
CO88KO88
Posts WIP to Financial Accounting and the order balance to price difference accounts and the material ledger. Variance categories can also go to margin analysis.
Event-based alternative
Event-based production accounting posts WIP and variances when goods are issued, operations confirmed or orders delivered, so less is left for period end.
SAP S/4HANA: Available in SAP S/4HANA Cloud with scope item 3F0.

Material ledger

With actual costing, the material ledger turns the price differences collected during the month into actual costs of inventory and cost of goods sold.

Before the run
MMPV
All goods movements and invoices are posted, product costing is closed, the next MM period is open and the previous period is closed in the material ledger.
Usage variances
CKMDUVMATCKMDUVACT
Distribute inventory and activity differences to the orders that consumed them.
Costing run
CKMLCP
Selection, preparation and settlement. Settlement does single-level and multilevel price determination and the revaluation of consumption in one step.
SAP S/4HANA: Five steps instead of the eight in SAP ERP.
Post closing
CKMLCP
Posts the revaluation of ending inventory and, if chosen, of consumption. The inventory revaluation is reversed on the first day of the next period.
Analyze
CKM3CKMVFM
Material price analysis per material, and the value flow monitor for differences not yet distributed.

Projects and orders

Projects and investment orders carry costs and revenues until they are settled to their receivers.

Overhead on projects
CJ45CJ44
Applies overhead rates to WBS elements and networks, collectively or one project at a time.
Results analysis
KKAJKKA2
Calculates revenue, cost of sales, work in process or reserves for customer projects, collectively or one project at a time.
Event-based revenue recognition
Recognizes revenue with each cost, time or billing posting on customer projects, which leaves fewer adjustments for period end.
Project settlement
CJ8GCJ88
Settles projects to assets under construction, fixed assets, cost centers or margin analysis.
Investment and accrual orders
KO8GKO88
Settle after the overhead orders, to assets, cost centers or other receivers.

Margin analysis (CO-PA)

In SAP S/4HANA, margin analysis lives in the Universal Journal: each line carries its market segment, so revenue and cost of goods sold arrive with the posting itself.

Check what has arrived
Billing, cost of goods sold, settled production variances and project settlements must be in before margins are analyzed.
Top-down distribution
KE28
Spreads amounts posted at a high level, such as freight or rebates by customer group, down to products and customers.
Margin reports
KE30
Margins by product, customer and region. Fiori apps read the same data from ACDOCA.

Reconcile and lock

The last CO steps decide whether the period can really be locked.

No FI–CO reconciliation
FI and CO post to the same journal entry in SAP S/4HANA, so they agree by design. The reconciliation ledger of SAP ERP is gone.
Check what is left
Cost centers with balances, orders not settled and materials with errors in the costing run are each a reason not to lock yet.
Lock the CO period
OKP1
Locks business transactions for the period by controlling area, fiscal year and version.
Close the FI period
OB52
Closes the period for operational postings. A closing interval with an authorization group keeps room for late adjustments.

Worked example

How actual price calculation empties a cost center

Cost center 4100, a packaging line, plans its machine hour at 50.00. During the month it collects 120,000.00 of costs, including what the cycles assessed to it, and confirms 2,000 hours to two production orders.

At plan price the orders are charged 100,000.00 and 20,000.00 stays on the cost center. KSII recalculates the price from actual costs and actual hours and, with revaluation switched on in the CO version, charges the difference to the orders.

That is why the actual price calculation runs after the allocation cycles and before work in process, variances and settlement of the production orders.

Values in BRL

Plan priceAfter KSII

Cost center 4100 and its production orders, plan price
Object	Calculation	BRL
Cost center 4100: costs of the month	Primary and assessed costs	120,000.00
Cost center 4100: credit for activity	2,000 h × 50.00	100,000.00
Balance left on the cost center	Under-absorbed	20,000.00
Production order 1001	1,200 h × 50.00	60,000.00
Production order 1002	800 h × 50.00	40,000.00

At the plan price of 50.00 per hour, 20,000.00 stays on the cost center: the orders were charged less than the hours really cost.

Cost center 4100 and its production orders, after ksii
Object	Calculation	BRL
Cost center 4100: costs of the month	Primary and assessed costs	120,000.00
Cost center 4100: credit for activity	2,000 h × 60.00	120,000.00
Balance left on the cost center	Cost center empty	0.00
Production order 1001	1,200 h × 60.00	72,000.00
Production order 1002	800 h × 60.00	48,000.00

KSII sets the actual price at 120,000.00 ÷ 2,000 h = 60.00 and charges the 20,000.00 to the orders (12,000.00 and 8,000.00). The variance calculation then shows it as an input price variance.

Year end

Year-end closing: what comes on top

The last period of the year runs the full monthly close. Then the fiscal year itself has to be closed in Asset Accounting and carried forward in the general ledger, while the new year is prepared in FI and CO.

Before the year ends
- Number ranges for the new year. Copy year-dependent document number ranges with OBH2.
- Balance confirmations. Customers with F.17 and suppliers with F.18, usually for the auditors.
- Physical inventory. Count, then post the differences with MI07 before the last costing run.
- New year in CO. Plan activity prices (KP26) and release the new standard costs (CK40N or CK24).
Carry forward
- Balance carryforward. FAGLGVTR carries forward G/L, customer, supplier and asset balances; F.07 can still carry forward customers and suppliers separately.
- Retained earnings. Profit and loss accounts close to the retained earnings account set up in OB53.
- Late postings. After the first carryforward, postings to the old year update the new opening balances automatically.
- Special periods. Audit adjustments go to periods 13–16, opened in their own interval in OB52, ideally with an authorization group.
Asset Accounting
- Recalculate if needed. AFAR recalculates planned depreciation when rules changed, before the carryforward.
- Fiscal year change. In SAP S/4HANA it happens with the general ledger carryforward; AJRW is no longer used.
- Close the old year. AJAB checks that depreciation is fully posted and locks the year for asset postings.
- Two open years at most. If two years are open, close the earlier one before the next carryforward.

SAP ERP vs SAP S/4HANA

What changed from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA

Most of the close is still the same work, but several steps disappeared and others moved from period end into the day-to-day postings.

Period-end closing in SAP ERP (ECC) and in SAP S/4HANA
Area	SAP ERP (ECC)	SAP S/4HANA
FI and CO	Separate FI and CO tables; cross-company CO postings brought back to FI with the reconciliation ledger, or with the real-time integration of the new G/L	One Universal Journal (ACDOCA); FI and CO close together, with no reconciliation step; CO postings also check the FI posting periods
Asset Accounting	Parallel depreciation areas posted periodically (`ASKB`); fiscal year change with `AJRW`	All areas post in real time to their ledgers; planned depreciation recalculated with each asset transaction; fiscal year change with the balance carryforward
Material ledger	Optional	Always active; actual costing optional; costing run reduced from eight steps to five
Profitability	Costing-based CO-PA common, kept in its own tables and reconciled with FI separately	Margin analysis in the Universal Journal; market segment derived with each posting
Foreign currency	`FAGL_FCV`	`FAGL_FCV`, or Advanced Valuation job templates in SAP S/4HANA Cloud
GR/IR	`F.19` and `MR11`, worked through at period end	Reconcile GR/IR Accounts and Monitor GR/IR Account Reconciliation apps, with optional machine learning proposals, used during the month
Accruals	Manual accrual documents (`FBS1`)	Accruals Management: purchase order accruals proposed from the order, reviewed, approved and posted by job
Intercompany	Reconciliation with reports and spreadsheets	Intercompany Matching and Reconciliation (ICMR) on ACDOCA in near real time
Allocations	Assessment and distribution cycles (`KSU5`, `KSV5`)	The same cycles, plus universal allocation: Manage Allocations and Run Allocations apps
Production accounting	WIP and variances calculated at period end	Period-end runs, or event-based WIP and variances in SAP S/4HANA Cloud (scope item 3F0)
Orchestration	Schedule Manager (`SCMA`), Financial Closing cockpit add-on	Financial Closing cockpit in the core from 1709 (`FCLOCO`), SAP Advanced Financial Closing on SAP BTP

SAP ECC

Only in SAP ECC: the steps SAP S/4HANA removed

If you still close in SAP ERP 6.0, these steps are part of your month or your year. In SAP S/4HANA they are gone, for one reason: the Universal Journal posts FI, CO, assets and profit centers in the same journal entry, so there is nothing left to transfer or reconcile.

Which SAP ECC do you close?All stepsClassic G/LNew G/L

7 steps that exist only in SAP ECC7 of 7 steps are part of a close with the classic G/L3 of 7 steps are part of a close with the new G/L

Classic or new G/L decides. The new G/L of SAP ERP already removed four of these steps: real-time integration replaced the reconciliation ledger, and document splitting builds balance sheets per profit center, segment or business area as you post. The asset steps stay in both.

KALC

CO-FI reconciliation posting

Reconciliation · WD4, after the CO cycles

Classic G/L onlyPart of your closeNot with the new G/L

In SAP ECC

Controlling allocations that cross company codes, business areas or functional areas change the books only inside CO. With the classic G/L, KALC posts those differences to FI through the reconciliation ledger before the financial statements. The new G/L does it in real time instead.

In SAP S/4HANABlocked

The system stops it with message FINS_ACDOC_CUST035: “Journal Entry is active: Reconciliation posting cannot be used any longer”. CO postings are already in the general ledger, and a reconciliation posting would duplicate them.

1KEK

Transfer payables and receivables to profit centers

Transfer · WD2

Classic G/L onlyPart of your closeNot with the new G/L

In SAP ECC

Classic profit center accounting (EC-PCA) does not see the profit center of open payables and receivables, so 1KEK transfers them at month end to build a balance sheet per profit center.

In SAP S/4HANANot needed

The profit center is on every line of the Universal Journal, and document splitting gives payables and receivables their profit center when they are posted.

F.5DF.5E

Balance sheet adjustment

Adjustment · WD2

Classic G/L onlyPart of your closeNot with the new G/L

In SAP ECC

In the classic G/L, payables, receivables and taxes are spread over business areas at period end so that each has its own balance sheet: F.5D calculates the adjustment and F.5E posts it (program SAPF180).

In SAP S/4HANARemoved

No longer in the closing menu. Document splitting builds balance sheets per profit center, segment or business area with each posting.

F.50

Profit and loss adjustment

Adjustment · WD2

Classic G/L onlyPart of your closeNot with the new G/L

In SAP ECC

In the classic G/L, gives profit and loss items created by payments, such as cash discounts and exchange rate differences, the business area and profit center of the items they cleared.

In SAP S/4HANARemoved

No longer in the closing menu. Document splitting assigns these items as they are posted.

ASKBASKBN

Periodic posting of depreciation areas

Asset Accounting · WD1, with the depreciation run

Classic and new G/LPart of your closePart of your close

In SAP ECC

Depreciation areas that post to the G/L periodically, such as a second valuation for IFRS or tax, send their acquisition and production cost changes each month: ASKB with the classic G/L, ASKBN with the new G/L.

In SAP S/4HANARemoved

Every depreciation area posts in real time to its own ledger, so there is no periodic run.

ABST2

Reconcile Asset Accounting with the G/L

Reconciliation · Year end, before AJAB

Classic and new G/LPart of your closePart of your close

In SAP ECC

Compares the asset subledger with the asset reconciliation accounts of the G/L and lists the differences to clear before the fiscal year is closed.

In SAP S/4HANARemoved

Assets and the general ledger are posted in the same journal entry, so there is nothing to reconcile.

AJRW

Asset fiscal year change

Year end · First days of the new year

Classic and new G/LPart of your closePart of your close

In SAP ECC

Opens the new fiscal year in Asset Accounting before any asset posting to it. The G/L balance carryforward is a separate run.

In SAP S/4HANARemoved

FAGLGVTR opens the new year in Asset Accounting together with the general ledger balance carryforward.

Checking whether a transaction still exists in your SAP S/4HANA release: table PRGN_CORR2 (SE16N) lists old transactions and their successors, and the simplification list for your release explains why.

Orchestration

Tools that run the close, and where AI comes in

A close with hundreds of tasks across many company codes needs a plan that knows the dependencies, starts the jobs and shows who is late.

Financial Closing cockpit
Task lists per period and organizational unit, with dependencies, background jobs, workflow notifications and an audit trail. Relaunched as part of the SAP S/4HANA core in release 1709.
FCLOCOFCLOCOC
SAP Advanced Financial Closing
A cloud application on SAP BTP that plans and runs the entity close across SAP S/4HANA Cloud, SAP S/4HANA and SAP ERP systems: closing templates, sequencing and dependencies, job scheduling, governance checks and critical-path monitoring. It sends triggers and parameters to the connected systems and does not copy financial data.
SAP BTPCross-system
Joule Financial Closing Assistant
Announced at SAP Sapphire in May 2026, with general availability planned for the second quarter of 2026. It coordinates several Joule agents across the close: posting, accruals, journal validation, error resolution and intercompany reconciliation.
More on Joule

Fiori first

A Fiori-first close: month end and year end

For projects that run the close in SAP Fiori wherever they can. Every step in order, with the app to use, and the SAP GUI transaction only where no app does the job. Nothing is left out just because it has no app.

Month end: 40 steps · 19 in Fiori · 5 Fiori + SAP GUI · 16 only in SAP GUI

Fiorian app does the whole step
Fiori + SAP GUIan app for most of it, a transaction for the rest
SAP GUIno app yet: do not skip it

Month end close step by step, with the Fiori app or the SAP GUI transaction for each step
#	Step	Area	When	How	Fiori app	SAP GUI	Note
01	Run the closing task list	Close	Every day	Fiori	Process Closing Tasks (Classic)	—	The SAP S/4HANA Financial Closing cockpit; templates are set up in FCLOCO
02	Post goods receipts	MM	Day −2	Fiori + SAP GUI	Post Goods Receipt for Purchase Order`F0843`	`MIGO`	Goods issues to orders and transfers still use MIGO
03	Confirm production orders	PP	Day −2	SAP GUI	—	`CO11N`
04	Post supplier invoices	AP	Day −2	Fiori	Create Supplier Invoice`F0859`	—
05	Release blocked invoices	AP	Day −2	Fiori + SAP GUI	Schedule Supplier Invoice Jobs – Advanced	`MRBR`	The app schedules the automatic release; MRBR for one-by-one release
06	Bill deliveries and post billing to accounting	SD	Day −1	Fiori	Create Billing Documents – Billing Due List ItemsManage Billing Documents	—	Manage Billing Documents posts what did not reach accounting
07	Last payment run of the month	AP	Day −1	Fiori	Manage Automatic Payments`F0770`	—
08	Import bank statements	Bank	Day −1	Fiori + SAP GUI	Bank Statement Monitor`F1734`	`FF_5`	Import is usually automatic; FF_5 only for manual imports
09	Clear what the bank statements did not	Bank	Day −1	Fiori	Reprocess Bank Statement Items`F1520`	—
10	Post recurring entries	GL	Day −1	Fiori + SAP GUI	Manage Recurring Journal Entries`F1598`	`F.14`	The app keeps the recurring documents (G/L accounts only); F.14 posts them
11	Post physical inventory differences	MM	Day −1	SAP GUI	—	`MI07`
12	Open the new materials management period	MM	WD1	SAP GUI	—	`MMPV`	Usually a scheduled job
13	Open the new FI period, keep the old one for closing postings	GL	WD1	Fiori	Manage Posting Periods`F2293`	—
14	Open the new CO period	CO	WD1	SAP GUI	—	`OKP1`	Public cloud: Manage Posting Periods – Cost Accounting
15	Settle assets under construction	AA	WD1	SAP GUI	—	`AIBU`
16	Post depreciation	AA	WD1	Fiori	Schedule Asset Accounting Jobs`F1914`	—
17	Purchase order accruals: propose, review, post	AP	WD1–WD2	Fiori	Schedule Accruals JobsReview Purchase Order Accruals – for Cost Accountant	—	Purchase order owners review in My Inbox
18	Manual accruals and deferrals	GL	WD2	SAP GUI	—	`FBS1 · F.81`	Fixed monthly amounts can be recurring journal entries instead
19	Reconcile GR/IR and write off old differences	AP	WD2	Fiori	Reconcile GR/IR Accounts`F3302`Monitor GR/IR Account Reconciliation`F3303`	—
20	GR/IR reclassification, foreign currency valuation, regrouping, automatic clearing	GL	WD2	Fiori	Schedule General Ledger Jobs`F1927`	—	One job template per step: F.19, FAGL_FCV, FAGLF101 and F.13
21	Reconcile intercompany balances	GL	WD2	Fiori	Schedule Matching RunsManage Assignments – By Matching MethodReconciliation Status Overview	—	Intercompany Matching and Reconciliation (ICMR)
22	Enter statistical key figures	CO-OM	WD2	Fiori	Manage Statistical Key Figure Values`F3915`	—	From SAP S/4HANA 2020; before that KB31N
23	Settle overhead orders to cost centers	CO-OM	WD3	SAP GUI	—	`KO8G`
24	Run distributions and assessments	CO-OM	WD3	Fiori	Run Allocations`F3548`	—	Cycles are kept in Manage Allocations (F3338)
25	Indirect activity allocation	CO-OM	WD3	Fiori	Run Indirect Activity Allocation Cost Centers – Actual	—
26	Calculate actual activity prices	CO-OM	WD3	SAP GUI	—	`KSII`
27	Overhead on production orders	CO-PC	WD3	SAP GUI	—	`CO43`
28	Work in process	CO-PC	WD3	SAP GUI	—	`KKAO`
29	Production variances	CO-PC	WD3	SAP GUI	—	`KKS1`
30	Settle production orders	CO-PC	WD3	SAP GUI	—	`CO88`
31	Distribute usage variances	ML	WD4	SAP GUI	—	`CKMDUVMAT`
32	Actual costing run	ML	WD4	Fiori + SAP GUI	Manage Material Valuations	`CKMLCP`	Run in CKMLCP, check the new prices and values in the app
33	Results analysis and project settlement	PS	WD4	SAP GUI	—	`KKAJ · CJ8G`
34	Top-down distribution in margin analysis	CO-PA	WD4	SAP GUI	—	`KE28`
35	Check what is left on cost centers	CO-OM	WD4	Fiori	Cost Centers – Actual/Plan/Variance`F0940`	—
36	Lock the CO period	CO	WD4	SAP GUI	—	`OKP1`
37	Trial balance	GL	WD5	Fiori	Trial Balance`F0996A`	—
38	Financial statements	GL	WD5	Fiori	Balance Sheet/Income Statement – Multidimensional`F3084`	—
39	Tax returns and statutory reports	Tax	WD5	Fiori	Run Compliance Reports	—	Advanced Compliance Reporting, where it covers your country; otherwise S_ALR_87012357
40	Close the FI period for operational postings	GL	WD5	Fiori	Manage Posting Periods`F2293`	—

No month end step matches this filter.

Year end: 12 steps · 5 in Fiori · 0 Fiori + SAP GUI · 7 only in SAP GUI

Fiorian app does the whole step
Fiori + SAP GUIan app for most of it, a transaction for the rest
SAP GUIno app yet: do not skip it

Year end close step by step, with the Fiori app or the SAP GUI transaction for each step
#	Step	Area	When	How	Fiori app	SAP GUI	Note
01	Copy number ranges to the new fiscal year	GL	Before year end	SAP GUI	—	`OBH2`
02	Plan activity prices for the new year	CO-OM	Before year end	SAP GUI	—	`KP26`
03	Costing run for the new standard costs	CO-PC	Before year end	SAP GUI	—	`CK40N`
04	Balance confirmations to customers and suppliers	AR · AP	Year end	SAP GUI	—	`F.17 · F.18`	Public cloud has an app for customers (F2834)
05	Physical inventory count and differences	MM	Year end	SAP GUI	—	`MI07`
06	Recalculate depreciation if rules changed	AA	Year end	Fiori	Schedule Asset Accounting Jobs`F1914`	—
07	Month-end close for period 12	Close	WD1–WD5	Fiori	Process Closing Tasks (Classic)	—	Every step of the month-end list
08	Balance carryforward to the new year	GL	First days of the new year	Fiori	Carry Forward Balances`F1596`	—	Customers, suppliers and assets included; no AJRW in SAP S/4HANA
09	Release the new standard costs	CO-PC	First day of the new year	SAP GUI	—	`CK24`
10	Open special periods 13–16 for audit adjustments	GL	After period 12	Fiori	Manage Posting Periods`F2293`	—	Ideally with an authorization group, for the closing team only
11	Asset year-end closing	AA	After the last depreciation run	SAP GUI	—	`AJAB`
12	Close the old fiscal year	GL	After the audit	Fiori	Manage Posting Periods`F2293`	—	Late postings to the old year still update the new opening balances

No year end step matches this filter.

Keep the SAP GUI steps in the launchpad. Add the transactions marked SAP GUI as tiles in the closing role, so the whole close runs from one place and nobody has to remember a transaction code.

Release matters. This list is for SAP S/4HANA on-premise and private cloud, 2020 or later. Public cloud has no SAP GUI and offers apps for most of the SAP GUI rows; older releases have fewer apps.

App names and IDs from the SAP Fiori apps reference library, SAP Learning and SAP Help; check the library for your release before you design the closing role.

Six habits of a fast close

A fast close is mostly work moved out of the close: reconciled during the month, automated in job chains and protected by clean master data.

Days to close the month · APQC, 2017

Top performers4.8
Median6.4
Bottom performers10

01
Reconcile during the month
GR/IR, bank and intercompany differences are cheaper to clear on the day they appear than on WD1, when everyone is waiting.
02
One calendar, one owner per task
Cut-off times for logistics, a named owner and a deadline for every step, published before the month starts.
03
Automate the batch
Collective transactions in job chains with dependencies, so the next step starts when the last one finishes, not when someone checks.
04
Fix master data before the close
Settlement rules, released cost estimates, activity prices and tracing factors cause most CO errors. Check them in the last week of the month.
05
Watch the critical path
Product costing and the material ledger usually set the end date. Start them as soon as logistics and the cycles are done.
06
Soft close monthly, hard close quarterly
Fewer manual estimates in the monthly management close; the full set of adjustments at quarter and year end.

Troubleshooting

When the close stops: common causes

The same handful of problems stops most closes. Each one is quicker to prevent than to fix on WD3.

Common period-end closing problems, their usual cause and the fix
Symptom	Usual cause	Fix
“Posting period … is not open”	The period is closed for that account type (+, A, D, K, M, S), or for CO postings that create FI documents	Open it in `OB52` or the Manage Posting Periods app; for postings from CO, check interval 3 and `OKP1`
An allocation cycle posts nothing	No tracing factor for the period, or the senders are already empty	Enter the statistical key figures (`KB31N`), run the cycle in test mode and check each segment’s senders and receivers
Under- or over-absorption left on cost centers	Activity prices not recalculated, or the activity type not set for actual prices	Run `KSII` after the cycles; check actual price indicator 5 on the activity type (`KL02`) and revaluation in the CO version (`OKEQ`)
Variances missing or in error	No released standard cost estimate for the material, or no variance key on the order	Release the cost estimate (`CK40N` or `CK24`) and check the order’s variance key before the close
Settlement fails	Missing settlement rule, or the period is locked for settlement	Generate or maintain the settlement rule and check the period lock in `OKP1`
Costing run stops in Settlement	Orders not settled, the next MM period not opened, or materials with errors	Read the logs in `CKMLCP`, look for undistributed differences in `CKMVFM`, settle and run again
Balance carryforward stops on retained earnings	A profit and loss account has no retained earnings account assigned	Assign it in `OB53` and run `FAGLGVTR` again
GR/IR balance keeps growing	Receipts and invoices out of step, old differences never cleared	Work the items in Reconcile GR/IR Accounts during the month; write off approved old differences with `MR11`

Transactions

Transactions for period-end closing

The SAP GUI transactions you meet in a close, with where each one runs: SAP ERP 6.0 (ECC), SAP S/4HANA on-premise and private cloud, and the Fiori app that does the same job in SAP S/4HANA when there is one. Rows on a cream background exist only in SAP ECC.

Yesruns there
Classic G/Lonly with the classic general ledger
Add-onseparate add-on
Nodoes not exist there
Removedgone in SAP S/4HANA
Not neededno longer part of the close

SAP transactions used in period-end closing, in SAP ECC and SAP S/4HANA, with the Fiori app
Transaction	What it does	Area	When	SAP ECC	SAP S/4HANA	Fiori app (SAP S/4HANA)
`MIGO`	Goods movements	MM	Until cut-off	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CO11N`	Confirm production orders	PP	Until cut-off	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`MI07`	Post physical inventory differences	MM	Day −1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`VF04`	Billing due list	SD	Day −1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`VFX3`	Release billing documents to accounting	SD	Day −1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`MMPV`	Open the next materials management period	MM	WD1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`OB52`	Open and close FI posting periods	FI-GL	WD1 and WD5	Yes	Yes	Manage Posting Periods`F2293`
`F.14`	Run recurring entries	FI-GL	Day −1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`FBS1`	Enter accrual or deferral document	FI-GL	WD2	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`F.81`	Reverse accrual and deferral documents	FI-GL	Next period	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`FAGL_FCV`	Foreign currency valuation	FI-GL	WD2	Yes	Yes	Schedule General Ledger Jobs`F1927`
`FAGLF101`	Regroup receivables and payables	FI-GL	WD2	Yes	Yes	Schedule General Ledger Jobs`F1927`
`F.5D · F.5E`	Balance sheet adjustment by business area	FI-GL	WD2	Classic G/L	RemovedDocument splitting builds these balance sheets	—
`F.50`	Profit and loss adjustment	FI-GL	WD2	Classic G/L	RemovedDocument splitting builds these balance sheets	—
`F.13`	Automatic clearing	FI-GL	Day −1 to WD2	Yes	Yes	Schedule General Ledger Jobs`F1927`
`FBL3H`	G/L account line items	FI-GL	Any time	NoUse FBL3N	Yes	Display Line Items in General Ledger`F2217`
`F.01`	Financial statements	FI-GL	WD5	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`F110`	Payment run	FI-AP	Day −1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`MRBR`	Release blocked invoices	FI-AP	Day −2	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`MR11`	GR/IR account maintenance: write off differences	FI-AP	WD2	Yes	Yes	Reconcile GR/IR Accounts`F3302`
`F.19`	Analyze and reclassify GR/IR clearing accounts	FI-AP	WD2	Yes	Yes	Schedule General Ledger Jobs`F1927`
`ACEPROPOSALRUN`	Propose purchase order accrual amounts	FI-AP	WD1	NoAccrue by hand (FBS1)	Yes	Schedule Accruals Jobs
`ACEPOSTINGRUN`	Post purchase order accruals	FI-AP	WD2	NoAccrue by hand (FBS1)	Yes	Schedule Accruals Jobs
`F150`	Dunning run	FI-AR	Weekly	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`F107`	Valuation run for doubtful receivables	FI-AR	WD2	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`FF_5`	Import electronic bank statement	Bank	Daily	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`FEBAN`	Post-process bank statements	Bank	Daily	Yes	Yes	Reprocess Bank Statement Items`F1520`
`FBCJ`	Cash journal	Bank	Day −1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`AIBU`	Settle assets under construction	FI-AA	WD1	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`AFAB`	Post depreciation	FI-AA	WD1	Yes	Yes	Schedule Asset Accounting Jobs`F1914`
`ASKB · ASKBN`	Periodic posting of parallel depreciation areas	FI-AA	WD1	Yes	RemovedEvery area posts in real time	—
`AW01N`	Asset Explorer	FI-AA	Any time	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`S_ALR_87011990`	Asset history sheet	FI-AA	WD5	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`S_ALR_87012357`	Advance return for tax on sales and purchases	Tax	WD5	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`OKP1`	CO period lock	CO	WD1 and WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KB31N`	Enter statistical key figures	CO-OM	WD2	Yes	Yes	Manage Statistical Key Figure Values`F3915`
`KO8G`	Settle internal orders, collective	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KO88`	Settle one order	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KSV5`	Run distribution cycles	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	Run Allocations`F3548`
`KSU5`	Run assessment cycles	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	Run Allocations`F3548`
`KSC5`	Indirect activity allocation	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KSII`	Actual activity price calculation	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KSBT`	Display activity prices	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`S_ALR_87013611`	Cost centers: actual/plan/variance	CO-OM	WD3	Yes	Yes	Cost Centers – Actual/Plan/Variance`F0940`
`KALC`	CO-FI reconciliation posting (reconciliation ledger)	CO	WD4	Classic G/LNew G/L: real-time integration instead	RemovedBlocked: CO already posts to the G/L	—
`1KEK`	Transfer payables and receivables to profit center accounting	EC-PCA	WD2	Classic G/LWith classic EC-PCA	Not neededProfit center on every journal line	—
`CO43`	Overhead on orders, collective	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KGI2`	Overhead on one order	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KKAO`	Work in process, collective	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KKAX`	Work in process, one order	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KKS1`	Variances, collective	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KKS2`	Variances, one order	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CO88`	Settle production orders, collective	CO-PC	WD3	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CKMDUVMAT`	Distribute usage variances of materials	ML	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CKMDUVACT`	Distribute usage variances of activities	ML	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CKMLCP`	Actual costing cockpit (costing run)	ML	WD4	YesEight steps	YesFive steps	SAP GUI
`CKM3`	Material price analysis	ML	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CKMVFM`	Value flow monitor	ML	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CJ45`	Overhead on projects, collective	PS	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KKAJ`	Results analysis, collective	PS	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CJ8G`	Settle projects, collective	PS	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KE28`	Top-down distribution	CO-PA	WD4	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KE30`	Profitability reports	CO-PA	WD5	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`OBH2`	Copy number ranges to the new fiscal year	FI-GL	Before year end	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`F.17`	Customer balance confirmation	FI-AR	Year end	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`F.18`	Supplier balance confirmation	FI-AP	Year end	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`AFAR`	Recalculate depreciation	FI-AA	Year end	Yes	Yes	Schedule Asset Accounting Jobs`F1914`
`ABST2`	Reconcile Asset Accounting with the G/L	FI-AA	Before AJAB	Yes	RemovedAssets and G/L share one journal entry	—
`AJAB`	Asset year-end closing	FI-AA	After the last depreciation run	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`AJRW`	Asset fiscal year change	FI-AA	Start of new year	Yes	RemovedFAGLGVTR does it	—
`FAGLGVTR`	Balance carryforward to the new year	FI-GL	Start of new year	YesNew G/L	YesAssets included	Carry Forward Balances`F1596`
`F.07`	Customer and supplier balance carryforward	FI-AP/AR	Start of new year	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`OB53`	Retained earnings account (configuration)	FI-GL	Before carryforward	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`KP26`	Plan activity prices for the new year	CO-OM	Before year end	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CK40N`	Costing run for new standard costs	CO-PC	Before year end	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`CK24`	Mark and release standard cost estimates	CO-PC	Start of new year	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI
`FCLOCO`	Financial Closing cockpit	Tools	Every close	Add-onECC also has the Closing Cockpit (CLOCO)	YesIn the core from 1709	Process Closing Tasks (Classic)
`SCMA`	Schedule Manager	Tools	Every close	Yes	Yes	SAP GUI

App names and IDs as listed in the SAP Fiori apps reference library; they change between releases, and SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition has its own set. Transactions without an app still run in SAP GUI, and the Fiori launchpad can open them as tiles.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between month-end and year-end closing in SAP?

Month-end closing finishes one period: postings, accruals, valuations, allocations, product costing and the period lock. Year-end closing runs the same steps for the last period and then closes the fiscal year: asset year-end closing (AJAB), balance carryforward to the new year (FAGLGVTR), retained earnings, number ranges and the special periods 13–16 for audit adjustments.

In what order should the CO period-end steps run?

Statistical key figures, settlement of overhead orders, distributions and assessments, indirect activity allocation, actual price calculation, then on production orders overhead, work in process, variances and settlement. The material ledger costing run follows, and margin analysis comes last. Each step reads what the one before it posted.

Do I still have to reconcile FI and CO in SAP S/4HANA?

No. FI and CO post to the same journal entry in the Universal Journal (ACDOCA), so the reconciliation ledger of SAP ERP is gone. You still check that cost centers are empty, orders are settled and the costing run has no errors before you lock the period.

Is the depreciation run still needed in SAP S/4HANA?

Yes. Planned depreciation is recalculated with every asset transaction, but the depreciation run (AFAB, or the Schedule Asset Accounting Jobs app) still posts it to the general ledger each period. What disappeared is the separate periodic posting of parallel depreciation areas (ASKB) and the fiscal year change with AJRW.

What does MMPV do, and when do I run it?

MMPV moves the current materials management period forward for a company code. Materials management keeps the current and the previous period open, so after MMPV on WD1 goods movements can usually still be posted to the month being closed while the month before it is closed. The material ledger costing run needs the next period open.

What is the difference between a soft close and a hard close?

A soft close produces management figures with fewer manual adjustments, accepting estimates where the effect is small. A hard close books every adjustment needed for statutory reporting, usually at quarter and year end.

What is SAP Advanced Financial Closing?

A cloud application on SAP BTP for planning and running the entity close. It holds the task lists and dependencies, schedules jobs in the connected SAP S/4HANA Cloud, SAP S/4HANA and SAP ERP systems, and shows status and the critical path in one place.

Can I post to a period that is already closed?

Only if it is opened again in OB52, which should be controlled. A common setup keeps interval 1 for closing postings with an authorization group, so only the closing team can post while the period stays closed for everyone else.

References

Checked in October 2026.

What is period-end closing in SAP?

The close calendar: an example five-day close

Close checklist, day by day

Two working days before month end

Last working day of the month

First working day

Accruals and valuation

Controlling day

Actual costing and profitability

Report and lock

The FI close: make the balance sheet right

General ledger

Posting periods

Recurring entries

Accruals and deferrals

Foreign currency valuation

Regrouping

Automatic clearing

Trial balance and statements

Payables

Invoices and blocked invoices

Payment run

GR/IR reconciliation

Purchase order accruals

Supplier balance confirmation

Receivables

Billing to accounting

Incoming payments

Dunning

Doubtful receivables

Credit balances

Customer balance confirmation

Fixed assets

Assets under construction

Depreciation run

Check the period

Year end

Bank and cash

Bank statements

Cash journal

Bank clearing accounts

Bank reconciliation

Tax

Tax on sales and purchases

Advanced Compliance Reporting

Brazil

Intercompany

Matching

Solve differences

Line items by partner

Group reporting

The CO close: move every cost to where it is explained

Overhead (CO-OM)

Statistical key figures

Settle overhead orders

Distribution

Assessment

Indirect activity allocation

Actual price calculation

Check the cost centers

Product costing (CO-PC)

Overhead

Work in process

Variances

Settlement

Event-based alternative

Material ledger

Before the run

Usage variances

Costing run

Post closing

Analyze

Projects and orders

Overhead on projects

Results analysis

Event-based revenue recognition

Project settlement

Investment and accrual orders

Margin analysis (CO-PA)

Check what has arrived